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What Is Heart Catheterization

Heart catheterization is a medical procedure designed to determine the health condition of your heart. This procedure is also important to detect whether there are heart problems and treat some heart problems. This procedure is most often done to evaluate the health condition of people who often experience chest pain. The chest pain may be a symptom of coronary heart disease. Apart from chest pain, there are various reasons why doctors perform cardiac catheterization.

Indications for Cardiac Catheterization

Here are some of the uses of cardiac catheterization:
  • Evaluate blood and oxygen flow in various parts of your heart.
  • Assess the strength of the heart muscle pumping blood throughout the body.
  • See how well the heart valves are performing.
  • Treat coronary heart disease and heart attacks.
  • Plan the right treatment. Especially if you are recovering from a heart attack but still have chest pain, get a medical examination that shows that you have heart disease, or you have a heart attack that has severely damaged the heart.
  • Correcting a defective heart with a small operation.
  • Take a sample of heart muscle to see if you have a heart infection or tumor.
  • Check for congenital heart disease in children.

Here's the Cardiac Catheterization Procedure

Cardiac catheterization procedures are performed by cardiologists at the hospital. During cardiac catheterization, you will remain conscious and be able to follow all directions from the doctor. When going through a cardiac catheterization procedure, the medical team will inject a sedative drug that will make you feel calm. Then, the process of cleaning and shaving the area where the catheter will be inserted, which is a tool such as a thin flexible hose. Once clean, the doctor will inject a local anesthetic so that you do not feel pain when catheterization is done. The catheterization process begins by making a small hole in a vein, followed by the installation of a tube in the hole, to keep the mouth of the hole open. Then, the doctor will insert the lead wire from the hole in the vein to the heart chamber. After that, the catheter is inserted following the lead wire from the blood vessels to the heart. The lead wire will be pulled and removed again, while the catheter remains inside. The doctor will then insert the contrast dye into the catheter. The monitor will record the condition of your heart as seen from the way the contrast dye in the blood vessels. These recordings will appear on the operating room monitor screen making it easier for doctors to see the state of your heart. Finally, the doctor can start to do the test, treatment, or any medical action needed according to your condition. When cardiac catheterization, the doctor can also do coronary angiogram or cardiac angiography. This procedure is done to find out whether you have a disruption in the coronary arteries or not. After the cardiac catheterization process is completed, you will be taken to the recovery room for several hours. While in this room, you are required to sleep on your back with the condition of straight legs and may not move from the bed. The medical team will then close the catheterization hole area to stop the bleeding. Heart rate, pulse and blood pressure will also be checked.

Possible Risks

Every medical action, especially related to the heart and blood vessels, certainly has a risk. So it is with cardiac catheterization. Here are some risks that might occur:
  • Bleeding.
  • Bruises.
  • Infection.
  • Blood clots.
  • Allergic reaction to drugs or contrast agents.
  • Damage to the arteries and heart tissue.
  • Heart rhythm disorders (arrhythmias).
  • Kidney damage.
  • Heart attack.
  • Stroke.
  • Emboli or air entering blood vessels.
If you are referred to a heart catheterization by a doctor, prepare yourself as well as possible. Usually, you will be asked to fast at least six hours before the procedure. If you are taking medication, consult this problem with your doctor. Inform your doctor if you have an allergy to drugs or any substances, to prevent things that are not desirable, both during and after cardiac catheterization.

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